• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting from accumulation

  2024-11-06

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• In plants altered expression of

  2024-11-06

  

  In plants, altered expression of Aurora kinases results in impaired meiotic divisions followed by the formation of aneuploid or polyploid progenies [21]. This observation is interesting from an evolutionary point of view because it can be assumed that, during evolution, the influence of biotic and a

• br Structure of V ATPase V ATPase is a highly

  2024-11-06

  

  Structure of V-ATPase V-ATPase is a highly conserved multi-subunit enzyme that uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport protons across membranes [2], [3], [4]. It consists of two major functional domains, V1 and V0 (Fig. 1). The former has eight different subunits (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H)

• Inactivation of the proton pump comes with luminal alkaliniz

  2024-11-06

  

  Inactivation of the proton pump comes with luminal alkalinization of the targeted vesicles such as lysosomes (Fig. 2b). Lysosome pH can also be raised stoichiometrically by addition of a membrane-permeable weak LY 2389575 hydrochloride such as methylamine or chloroquine which accumulates in its pro

• br Conclusions A large body of evidence

  2024-11-06

  

  Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hence, reducing oxidative stress or suppressing its downstream pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases, especially such chronic diseases as AD or glaucoma. Here we

• br Dysregulated aromatase expression the link between obesit

  2024-11-06

  

  Dysregulated aromatase expression: the link between obesity and breast cancer Obesity has been associated with abnormally high expression of the enzyme aromatase in the breast, influencing the local production and bioavailability of estrogens (Morris et al, 2011, Subbaramaiah et al, 2012). Bowers

• Another major problem leading to implant failures

  2024-11-06

  

  Another major problem leading to implant failures is post-implant infections, majorly due to bacteria adhesion [13,36,37]. A significant decrease in bacterial counts (~65–90%) has been observed in HA and/or CNT-based composites reinforced with 2.5–10 wt% nano Ag [13,38], thus, drawing the conclusion

• Second the choice of the PAABD is critical for an

  2024-11-06

  

  Second, the choice of the PAABD is critical for an efficient and sensitive biosensor. The sequence of the PAABD should present high affinity and efficient recognition of the phosphorylated substrate, as opposed to poor affinity for the unphosphorylated substrate, and should display a fully reversibl

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgments This research was

  2024-11-05

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgments This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014R1A4A1071040). Introduction Mitochondria occupy an important position as mediators of

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Intracellu

  2024-11-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Intracellular metabolic pathways of sugar, such as glycolysis and TCA cycle, provide material and energy for the synthesis of other substances, including amino acids. Thus, the content of sugars and their metabolic pathways are important for amino la

• To date LOX is the only LOX

  2024-11-05

  

  To date, 12-LOX is the only LOX isoform that has been identified in the platelet [17]. Interestingly, while 12-LOX is highly expressed (∼14000 molecules/platelet) in the platelet, 12(R)-LOX expression is absent in the hematopoietic lineage and has therefore not been reported to be expressed in plate

• Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used

  2024-11-05

  

  Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used in the study of biomolecular structures, including those of proteins. UV–Vis h.a.l.t. spectroscopy makes use of absorption property of the protein peptide backbone at around 218 nm, and aromatic amino acid residues primarily at around 280

• Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein level of

  2024-11-05

  

  Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein level of NGF through cannabinoid receptor CB1, where the activation of Akt pathway probably plays an important part in the CB1-mediated signal transmission [9,10]. This finding suggested that the protection of curcumin in spinal motor neurons of SNI rats is

• Nrf br AhR br Nrf and

  2024-11-05

  

  Nrf2 AhR Nrf2 and AhR: friends or foes for energetic metabolism? Perspectives in carcinogenesis upon xenobiotic exposure Acknowledgements Introduction Integration of endogenous and exogenous signals via appropriate receptors is at the core of biological differentiation and adaptive r

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-11-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion More experiments were performed in order to explain the mechanism that is involved in Valproic acid death both PC3 and Hep G2 cells using compound 5. Results showed that this compound inhibits cell viability inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dep

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